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There
are numerous applications in the pharmaceutical market
that can be accomplished with XRF. There are many drugs
that have a heavy element (>Z=10) associated with them
so that the concentration is easily monitored.
Bismuth in Anti-Diarrheal Medication
Bismuth is a heavy metal that is easily monitored by EDXRF
instrument.
Calcium and Magnesium in Antacids
Calcium and/or magnesium are found in high concentrations
in most antacid products and can be measured with EDXRF
instruments.
Zirconium, and Aluminum in Deodorant
Most deodorants contain zirconium, and/or aluminum at high
concentration. In many formulations silicon and chlorine
are also measurable. Deodorants have long been analyzed
by EDXRF.
Selenium in Shampoo
Selenium is a common additive in shampoos to prevent dandruff.
EDXRF has long been used in this application.
Lead in Bone and Blood
There is a patented XRF method for measuring lead in bone
by directly fluorescing an area near the knee. Toxic levels
of lead in blood are also detectable by XRF.
Calcium in Dietary Supplements
Calcium is added to dietary supplements as a source of calcium
to help with the prevention of osteoporosis.
Chlorine in Toothpaste
Toothpaste is another product that has been successfully
analyzed by EDXRF.
Zinc in Cold Treatments
Zinc is a common cold remedied that is available in many
lozenges and in other forms. The zinc concentration is
high and can be monitored by EDXRF.
Metals in Vitamin tablets and supplements
Metal concentrations in vitamin tables can be measured with
EDXRF instruments.
Iodine in Sterilization Products
Iodine is toxic and has long been used in sterilizing solutions.
Iodine can be measured with EDXRF instruments.
Silver Nitrate on Medical Products
Most plastic or rubber medical products contain silver nitrate
as a biocide agent to prevent the spread of disease. A
few examples are EKG strips, catheters, and contact lenses.
The concentration is in the PPM range, but may be measured
by EDXRF.
Hazardous Metal Analysis in Pharmaceuticals
All products have to be free of toxic metals such as lead,
mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. EDXRF instruments have detection
limits that are good enough to determine if products are
non-toxic.
Silicone on Condoms
Silicone is a release agent applied to most condoms to keep
the latex from sticking to itself. The coating is light,
but measurable by EDXRF.
Nickel and Vanadium in Crude
Oil
These elements can poison catalysts used in the refining
process. Less than 5 PPM concentrations are preferred. EDXRF
analyzer can do this application.
Sulfur, Nickel, and Vanadium
in Residual Oil
These elements are monitored for either emissions or recovery
purposes.
Sulfur in Coke or Carbon
There are numerous uses for Coke and Carbon, and the material
becomes more valuable the lower the sulfur, with electrode
grade carbon being quite valuable. This application can
be done with EDXRF instruments.
Mg, P, S, Ca, Ba, Zn, Mo in Lubricating
Oils
Lube oils contain a number of additives. Some additives are
stabilizers, and others improve lubrication. Motor oils are
the largest single class of lubricating oils in terms of
volume. EDXRF has ASTM methods covering some of these additives.
S, Cl, As, Pb, Cd in Waste Oil
and Waste Fuel Oil
Waste oils such as used lubrication oil are used in a number
of oil fired power plants and kilns. These are monitored
for toxic metals chlorine, and sulfur per environmental protection
agency guidelines. EDXRF instruments can perform these measurements. |